I. CIVIL SOCIETY
a. Civil society is considered as the countervailing force against the possible abuses of the state and market because it serves as the mobilization of cultural power and activism which uphold the beliefs and dignity of humanity. It is composed of institutions and movements that would counteract or rectify the dictatorship, authoritarianism and graft and corruption of government and the prevalence of poverty due to market's elite and foreign-induced policies, com-modification and oppressive labor acts. Undoubtedly, it tries to balance the economic and political spheres of society by simply promoting freedom, democracy, justice, human rights and other values and advocacy of immense significance.
Reductionism in the society can be made possible if one societal sphere dominates or a particular scope of influence of certain domain voluntarily submit to the demands and processes of the other milieu. However, this results to the diminution of a specific sphere as to its mechanisms, power and prestige. Consequently, the dominion of just one sphere won't last because of the absence and disappearance of other spheres' corresponding functions and obligations to society. In this regard, it is probably a necessity that the state, market and civil society should act as one. This social three-folding happens when they come together through a conversation, agreed covenants or partnership for the eradication of social dilemmas, without losing their unique and effective identities and responsibilities.
c. Civil society, which originally sprung from a cultural aspect, could foster cultural values as its fundamental norm of advocacy. Originating from this, culture involves the worthy interactions within and among the populace that mold their own personalities, convictions, aspirations, just and legal laws and beliefs. Uplifting the moral, spiritual, social and intellectual conditions of human beings need the very essence of ethical and phenomenological ideals and values.
II. SOCIAL JUSTICE AS VIRTUE AND VALUE
a. The contemporary life present complexities in our social existence by the emergence of different kinds of theories, norms, values, interests and contrasting worldviews and polarities of the world. The very fact that there are various factors affecting the lifestyles and crucial life requirements of citizens, people tend to demand for more than what is essential. There are gaps arising from the core of communication and trust among people even if science and technology ascertain truly amazing advancements. People crave for properties and goods that they think would elevate their status in the society but nevertheless, will only just bombard them with difficulties being realized at the end of the day. Sometimes, modern era activities and events encapsulate the objectivity and subjectivity of people, alienated and depersonalized away from their real existence as being-with-and-for-the-others. On one hand, there are more and more rules and regulations to follow not to be sanctioned with horrible punishments, diverse duties to accomplish and features of society that divert the attention of people from more important endeavors and chores. There are also conflicts appearing from the business world, from the administration and from the civil societies because their agendas could not compliment each other; affecting economic growth, social equity, environmental protection, sustainable development, power, wealth, equality and even principles of living.
a. We should foster social justice as virtue and value, hence giving respect to the rights of others by genuine will. Even if we have heterogeneous perspectives of whether it's a traditional or liberal way, acting in a rational or emotive manner, deeply reckoning the natural or humanistic values as well as for the common or individual good, injustices, domination, dogmatism and repression shouldn't happen. Moreover, we should not only care for our own desires, but rather help others in attaining their goals. We shouldn't do evil against other nations but showered them with love, justice, truth, service, appreciation and empowerment. If these things are properly rendered without causing damages, there will be subsequent prosperity, happiness and contentment.
